Comparative study on biological factors influencing the development of alloimmunization in sickle cell disease in Ile-Ife, Nigeria.

Ethical reference number: CPUT/HWS-REC 2021/H32 (renewal)

This is the first study in western Nigeria to examine the biological factors influencing alloimmunization in sickle cell disease (SCD) patients. The research examined inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, red cell phenotypes, and nutritional status in transfused SCD patients, providing critical insights into alloimmunization mechanisms.

Findings revealed elevated oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in multi-transfused SCD patients, correlating with increased antibody formation. Haematological assessments showed significantly higher platelet counts and neutrophil activity, indicating inflammation. Nutritional analysis highlights deficiencies in vitamins, minerals, and dietary fibre, with 76.3% of participants failing to meet daily calorie requirements, exacerbating alloimmunization risks.

This pioneering study expands the knowledge in haematology and blood transfusion science, offering novel insights into the interplay between inflammation, oxidative stress, and alloimmunization in SCD. It underscores the need for comprehensive patient care, integrating nutritional intervention, inflammation control, and improved transfusion strategies. The work provides a foundation for further research and enhanced clinical management of SCD patients.